最近在使用一个内部框架的时候,希望能够在运行时指定枚举类型,却发现这是一件挺麻烦的事情(不找别的替代方式,就是要动态增加 enum 的类型),方法也不正统,不过作为有趣的尝试,研究研究也无妨,下面的内容主要来自于 《Java – create enum instances dynamically》这样一篇文章。在一切开始前,如果你想问,为什么非要增加/改变 enum 类型?其实这是一个非常好的问题,多数情况下这是应对被避免的,但是这不在今天我的讨论范围内。
一、方法 void addEnum(Class<T> enumType, String enumName),用于增加一个枚举类型:
/** * Add an enum instance to the enum class given as argument * * @param the type of the enum (implicit) * @param enumType the class of the enum to be modified * @param enumName the name of the new enum instance to be added to the class. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <T extends Enum<?>> void addEnum(Class<T> enumType, String enumName) { // 0. Sanity checks if (!Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(enumType)) { throw new RuntimeException("class " + enumType + " is not an instance of Enum"); } // 1. Lookup "$VALUES" holder in enum class and get previous enum instances Field valuesField = null; Field[] fields = TestEnum.class.getDeclaredFields(); for (Field field : fields) { if (field.getName().contains("$VALUES")) { valuesField = field; break; } } AccessibleObject.setAccessible(new Field[] { valuesField }, true); try { // 2. Copy it T[] previousValues = (T[]) valuesField.get(enumType); List values = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(previousValues)); // 3. build new enum T newValue = (T) makeEnum(enumType, // The target enum class enumName, // THE NEW ENUM INSTANCE TO BE DYNAMICALLY ADDED values.size(), new Class<><[] {}, // can be used to pass values to the enum constuctor new Object[] {}); // can be used to pass values to the enum constuctor // 4. add new value values.add(newValue); // 5. Set new values field setFailsafeFieldValue(valuesField, null, values.toArray((T[]) Array.newInstance(enumType, 0))); // 6. Clean enum cache cleanEnumCache(enumType); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e); } }
基于反射,把枚举类的属性列表全部取出来,增加一个新的枚举类型以后再放回去。上面的第 3、5、6 步下面分别说明。
二、在其中使用到了 makeEnum(Class<?> enumClass, String value, int ordinal, Class<?>[] additionalTypes, Object[] additionalValues) 这样一个方法:
private static Object makeEnum(Class<?> enumClass, String value, int ordinal, Class<?>[] additionalTypes, Object[] additionalValues) throws Exception { Object[] parms = new Object[additionalValues.length + 2]; parms[0] = value; parms[1] = Integer.valueOf(ordinal); System.arraycopy(additionalValues, 0, parms, 2, additionalValues.length); return enumClass.cast(getConstructorAccessor(enumClass, additionalTypes).newInstance(parms)); } private static ConstructorAccessor getConstructorAccessor(Class<?> enumClass, Class<?>[] additionalParameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException { Class<?>[] parameterTypes = new Class[additionalParameterTypes.length + 2]; parameterTypes[0] = String.class; parameterTypes[1] = int.class; System.arraycopy(additionalParameterTypes, 0, parameterTypes, 2, additionalParameterTypes.length); return reflectionFactory.newConstructorAccessor( enumClass.getDeclaredConstructor(parameterTypes)); }
这是真正使用 newInstance 方法来创建新的枚举对象的方法,注意其中的构造器参数类型,第一个是 String,第二个是 int,这是需要符合 enum 内部实现的。
三、setFailsafeFieldValue(Field field, Object target, Object value) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException,这个修改方法 modifier 并设值的方法:
private static void setFailsafeFieldValue(Field field, Object target, Object value) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException { // let's make the field accessible field.setAccessible(true); // next we change the modifier in the Field instance to // not be final anymore, thus tricking reflection into // letting us modify the static final field Field modifiersField = Field.class.getDeclaredField("modifiers"); modifiersField.setAccessible(true); int modifiers = modifiersField.getInt(field); // blank out the final bit in the modifiers int modifiers &= ~Modifier.FINAL; modifiersField.setInt(field, modifiers); FieldAccessor fa = reflectionFactory.newFieldAccessor(field, false); fa.set(target, value); }
四、清除枚举缓存:cleanEnumCache(Class<?> enumClass) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException:
private static void cleanEnumCache(Class<?> enumClass) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException { blankField(enumClass, "enumConstantDirectory"); // Sun (Oracle?!?) JDK 1.5/6 blankField(enumClass, "enumConstants"); // IBM JDK } private static void blankField(Class<?> enumClass, String fieldName) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException { for (Field field : Class.class.getDeclaredFields()) { if (field.getName().contains(fieldName)) { AccessibleObject.setAccessible(new Field[] { field }, true); setFailsafeFieldValue(field, enumClass, null); break; } } }
最终的运行时测试代码:
private static enum TestEnum { a, b, c; }; public static void main(String[] args) { // Dynamically add 3 new enum instances d, e, f to TestEnum addEnum(TestEnum.class , "d"); addEnum(TestEnum.class , "e"); addEnum(TestEnum.class , "f"); // Run a few tests just to show it works OK. System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(TestEnum.values())); // Shows : [a, b, c, d, e, f] }
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C#可以实现吗?
求教。
想想学编程的时候,看到这堆代码,脑袋就大